Surprise, Kevin. 2020: “Geopolitical Ecology of Solar Geoengineering: From a ‘logic of Multilateralism’ to Logics of Militarization.” Journal of Political Ecology 27 (1): 213–35. https://journals.uair.arizona.edu/index.php/JPE/article/view/23583/22372.

"I detail recent involvement in solar geoengineering development on the part of U.S. defense, intelligence, and foreign policy institutions, geoengineering scenarios that adopt militarized logics and expertise, and Realist international relations theories that undergird leading governance scenarios."

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Stephens, Jennie C.; Surprise, Kevin (2020): The hidden injustices of advancing solar geoengineering research. In Global Sustainability 3. DOI: 10.1017/sus.2019.28.

"Solar geoengineering research advances an extreme, expert–elite technocratic intervention into the global climate system that would serve to further concentrate contemporary forms of political and economic power. For these reasons, we argue that it is unethical and unjust to advance solar geoengineering research."

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"When thinking about climate solutions, people often picture technical fixes. The IPCC reports list many ideas for climate change mitigation and adaptation. Mitigation reduces greenhouse gas emissions through technologies like renewable energy. Adaptation, such as building sea walls, aims to manage climate change impacts. It also includes schemes to engineer Earth’s climate system – for example, releasing chemicals into the stratosphere to reflect sunlight back into space."

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"This paper explores the potential of negative emission technologies (NETs) and highlights the difficulties associated with them. It argues that although these technologies are indeed impressive in theory, the reality shows that they are nowhere near ready to remove carbon at the scale required. This therefore leads to a level of moral ambiguity that could be detrimental to effective climate action. While continued research and development is imperative to global progress – and indeed, technology will be required in the future – the way the utility of NETs is presented threatens to produce an ethical dilemma."

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