Trove Research (2021): Future Demand, Supply and Prices for Voluntary Carbon Credits – Keeping the Balance.

"This land-mark study, conducted in collaboration with UCL, produces the first analysis of the long term demand, supply and prices of carbon credits (carbon offsets) in the Voluntary Carbon Market.  The analysis models future demand for carbon credits from over 5000 companies using a range of forecasting approaches.  Future carbon credit supply uses satellite imagery, together with detailed spatial and economic modelling, to project the future costs of meeting this demand.  The analysis concludes that considerably higher prices are needed to incentivise a large-scale change in land-use away from agriculture towards preserving and restoring forests, and to invest in capturing and storing CO2 in the atmosphere."

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"New research shows that California’s climate policy created up to 39 million carbon credits that aren’t achieving real carbon savings. But companies can buy these forest offsets to justify polluting more anyway."

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"Brands pay the company a commission to drive traffic to their websites under a standard affiliate marketing model and EcoCart uses a portion of the proceeds to offset a shopper’s carbon emissions."

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"The Nature Conservancy's review calls into question millions of dollars of credits sold to JPMorgan, BlackRock, and Disney."

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