Goode, P. R.; Pallé, E.; Shoumko, A.; Shoumko, S.; Montañes‐Rodriguez, P.; Koonin, S. E. (2021): Earth's Albedo 1998–2017 as Measured From Earthshine. In Geophysical Research Letters 48 (17). DOI: 10.1029/2021GL094888.

"The reflectance of the Earth is a fundamental climate parameter that we measured from Big Bear Solar Observatory between 1998 and 2017 by observing the earthshine using modern photometric techniques to precisely determine daily, monthly, seasonal, yearly and decadal changes in terrestrial albedo from earthshine. We find the inter-annual fluctuations in albedo to be global, while the large variations in albedo within individual nights and seasonal wanderings tend to average out over each year. We measure a gradual, but climatologically significant 0.5 W/m2 decline in the global albedo over the two decades of data. We found no correlation between the changes in the terrestrial albedo and measures of solar activity. The inter-annual pattern of earthshine fluctuations are in good agreement with those measured by CERES (data began in 2001) even though the satellite observations are sensitive to retroflected light while earthshine is sensitive to wide-angle reflectivity. The CERES decline is about twice that of earthshine."

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"Like an enormous mirror, those crops bounce solar radiation back out to space. That means WA's Wheatbelt—and the wheat growing there—could become a crucial part of how southwestern WA adapts to climate change."

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"In the Swiss Alps, some ski resorts and glacial tourist attractions are using reflective blankets known as geotextiles to protect parts of glaciers from accelerated summer melt caused by global warming."

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C2G Policy Brief (2021): Climate-Altering Approaches  and the Arctic. 17th March 2021 - 2nd Edition.

"The Arctic plays a key role in the global climate system. Current commitments made under the 2015 Paris Agreement on climate change are insufficient to keep global warming to ‘well below’ 2°C, and according to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), much greater ambition is necessary."

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