"Some scientists are finding fewer risks related to solar geoengineering than determined in earlier studies, adding emphasis to calls for a global body to monitor proposals that would inject substances into the upper atmosphere to reflect sunlight away from Earth."

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Lee, H.; Ekici, A.; Tjiputra, J.; Muri, H.; Chadburn, S.; Lawrence, D.; Schwinger, J. (2019): The response of permafrost and high latitude ecosystems under large scale stratospheric aerosol injection and its termination. In: Earth's Future. DOI: 10.1029/2018EF001146.

"Climate engineering arises as one of the potential methods that could contribute to meeting the 1.5^oC global warming target agreed under the Paris Agreement. We examine how permafrost and high latitude vegetation respond to large scale implementation of climate engineering. Specifically, we explore the impacts of applying the solar radiation management method of stratospheric aerosol injections (SAI) on permafrost temperature and the global extent of near‐surface permafrost area."

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MacMartin, D.; Wang, W.; Kravitz, B.; Tilmes, S.; Richter, J.; Mills, M. (2019): Timescale for Detecting the Climate Response to Stratospheric Aerosol Geoengineering. In: J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. 41 (3), S. 1738. DOI: 10.1029/2018JD028906.

"Stratospheric aerosol geoengineering could be used to maintain global mean temperature despite increased atmospheric greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations, for example, to meet a 1.5 or 2 °C target. While this might reduce many climate change impacts, the resulting climate would not be the same as one with the same global mean temperature due to lower GHG concentrations. The primary question we consider is how long it would take to detect these differences in a hypothetical deployment. We use a 20‐member ensemble of stratospheric sulfate aerosol geoengineering simulations in which SO₂ is injected at four different latitudes to maintain not just the global mean temperature, but also the interhemispheric and equator‐to‐pole gradients."

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Sato, Y.; Suzuki, K. (2019): How do aerosols affect cloudiness? In: Science (New York, N.Y.) 363 (6427), S. 580–581. DOI: 10.1126/science.aaw3720.

"Aerosols are tiny particles suspended in the atmosphere that originate from sources such as agricultural waste, forest fires, sea spray (see the photo), desert dust, and industrial pollution. They alter the energy balance of Earth's climate system through direct reflection and absorption of solar radiation as well as through modulating cloud properties by serving as nuclei for cloud particles."

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