"The IPCC report will confirm an open secret: in the light of growing emissions, targets for mitigating climate change increasingly depend on ‘negative emissions technologies’ that suck carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere. Staying within 2 °C could mean extracting billions of tonnes of CO₂ this century."

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Gardiner, S.; Fragnière, A. (2018): The Tollgate Principles for the Governance of Geoengineering: Moving Beyond the Oxford Principles to an Ethically More Robust Approach. In: Ethics, Policy & Environment 21 (2), S. 143–174. DOI: 10.1080/21550085.2018.1509472.

"This article offers a constructive critique of the Oxford Principles for the governance of geoengineering and proposes an alternative set of principles, the Tollgate Principles, based on that critique. Our main concern is that, despite their many merits, the Oxford Principles remain largely instrumental and dominated by procedural considerations; therefore, they fail to lay the groundwork sufficiently for the more substantive ethical debate that is needed. The article aims to address this gap by making explicit many of the important ethical questions lurking in the background, especially around values such as justice, respect and legitimacy."

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Ahlvik, L.; Iho, A. (2018): Optimal geoengineering experiments. In: Journal of Environmental Economics and Management. DOI: 10.1016/j.jeem.2018.08.008.

"We demonstrate this set-up through an economic analysis of an artificial oxygenation scheme designed to mitigate eutrophication in the Baltic Sea and find that while the expected marginal benefit falls short of costs, a field test representing some 10 percent of full deployment would be optimal."

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"On Friday (Sep. 14), the world’s most valuable company said it is investing an undisclosed sum in a project in Colombia to restore mangroves and sequester as much as 17,000 metric tons (18,739 tons) of carbon dioxide in two years. That’s equal to the emissions that the fleet of vehicles updating Apple Maps will produce over the coming decade."

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